Q.1
What is the term for windows above line of sight to let light in?

clerestory windows 1

Q.2
What is the name for the post at the bottom or top of a staircase?

newel post

Q.3
What is this trim piece called?

chair rail

Q.4
What is the term for this paneling on the lower half of the wall?

wainscotting

Q.5
What is the term for horizontal molding at the top of the wall or at the ceiling?

cornice